EUCATION IN GERMANY

Education in Germany:
EDUCATION IN GERMANY
Education2svr in Germany boasts of high level of education in Germany. Germany, a land of innovation , invention and ideas is the most preferred  destination for foreign students. International standards in education, science and research play a central role in 
making the country one of the knowledge hubs of Europe. 
The country has one of the world's best and  most expensive school and university systems. Internationally recognized qualifications and comparatively lower costs of  education 
are the two key factors that allure students from all corners of the world. Some people are
 suited to a traditional classroom -based  education , while others may gain from vocational
training or on the job training coupled with classroom instructions.The education system in 
Germany is fashioned in such a manner that it can address the needs of a wide and varied population.


German Education System



One of the best education structures in the world, i.e. Germany’s education one is a all-inclusive and comprehensive. The numerous options of higher learning schools as well as universities in this country offer education to great number of Germans along with foreign student-aspirants, each year. Generally, there exist two different types of educational systems offered in Germany which are the following:
1) General education.
2) Vocational education (also known as dual education).
There are three levels in general education – lower secondary school, then intermediate or else secondary school plus upper secondary school. Besides, there are not many comprehensive schools, specially in an integrated structure in the Northern Germany. German higher education includes Universities, Technical Universities as well as Colleges of education plus specialized colleges. Not counting general universities, there exist many technical, theological, art, and music, pedagogical as well as specialized universities situated in Germany. So, studies take from 6 – 8 years and your certificates is influenced by the subject choice and your level of study.
Then the certifications will guide to graduation, diploma as well as other awards. Students that want to get a further qualification must write a final test (exam) in order to acquire a PhD (or Doctoral degree). German vocational education is the so-called dual educational structure that the majority of the students decide on at the very end of their compulsory schooling. Besides, it has some vocational training contract, that helps youth to get professional education, skills in addition to training in enterprises. So, this contract is the guarantee of a legal apprenticeship. Such schools as vocational schools and specialized vocational schools as well as vocational extension schools or specialized schools are the part of the vocational education structure as well.


The Basic Law of 1949  grants every German citizen the right to self-fulfilment.Thus,
theoretically , the citizens can choose the type of education they prefer and have access
to their preferred occupation or profession.The aim of the country's educational policy
is to provide an atmosphere for its citizens to grow intellectually, personally and professionally.
Almost all elementary and secondary schools and about 95 percent of higher education
institutions are public.
Education is the second largest item of public spending after social security and welfare and
in 1990-1991 this expenditure amounted to 4 percent of GNP.Since 1949 the Federal
Government , the lander and local governments, including , some districts have shared the
burden of financing the education.
As regards the elementary ,primary and secondary education the  Lander and local
governments  are the major funding sources.Local governments are responsible for
maintenance and operation of school  facilities.In the case of higher education , the
Lander is the chief funding agency but the federal government also offers some funding.
According to the Basic Law , the responsibilty of education lies on the Lander. Article 30
clearly establishes the autonomy of the Lander  in most educational and cultural matters,
including the financing education the maintenance of schools ,teacher training the setting of
teacher's  qualifications and educational standards  and the development of standardized
curricula. In higher or tertiary education they share responsibility with the federal
government.


Historical Background:

The roots of the German education system go back to the Middle Ages when church schools were established. The first university was founded in 1386 in Heidelberg followed by the ones established in Cologne, Leipzig, Freiburg , etc. These universities trained only a small group of intellectual elites. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to the establishment of universities along narrow sectarian lines. But by eighteenth century, elementary schools had been separated from the influence of churches and had come under the direction of state authorities. 


Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), a scholar from Berlin may be credited with a host of reforms that have shaped the German education system . He proposed university-level training for high school teachers and modernized and modified the structure as well as the curriculum of the Gymnasium or the preparatory school. He wanted an orientation phase after the Gymnasium and a qualifying examination known as the Abitur for admissions to university. In 1810 he founded a university in Berlin. He also introduced the three principles of academic freedom, unity of teaching and research, and self-government by the professors that guided German universities. Similarly, Friedrich Froebel brought about many modifications at the kindergarten level in 1837. In 1957, Council of Education was established to serve as an advisory committee for the entire education system.



Schools in Germany

Schools in Germany form the basic foundation of the educational system of the country and play a very crucial role in educating the people. Children get admitted to schools at the age of 6 and it is a great day of celebration for them. Public schools in Germany are reputed to be free and children enjoy the privilege of wearing clothes of their choice instead of regular school uniforms. Primary schools in Germany are the ideal educational institutions for children, who have to go through 9 years of basic education as a compulsion. The system of schools in Germany differ a lot from that followed in the US. A pupil attends elementary school or Grundschule till the 4th grade after which, grades 5 to 12 are spent in the college preparatory school or the Gymnasium. Others can attend either the secondary general school (Realschule) or the Hauptschule instead of Gymnasium. Along with the regular academic curriculum other beneficial extra-curricular activities are also encouraged in the schools in Germany.


Some remarkable schools in Germany are:
Cambridge International School
Fichte-Gymnasium in Krefeld
Black Forest Academy
Berlin Brandenburg International School
Language Schools in Germany
The popularity of language schools in Germany is undoubtedly immense. Many parts of Germany offer the excellent language schools.

The following list of schools are noted for their erudition and quality:
Berlin International Language School
EF International Language Schools
Goethe Institute Berlin
Europa Sprachenschule
Eurasia Language Institute
All Schools in Germany provide the right training to their pupils, so that they can pursue careers of their choice in the future and taste success.



German Universities

 German Universities are some of the top class and renowned universities of the world, which are open to a host of national as well as international students. Certain of the German Universities even rank among the top universities of the world. Thus many German Universities are internationally acclaimed and invite eager students from overseas, every year. German Universities are located in the major cities of the country and some have come down to the people through uncountable generations. There are certain criteria according to which Universities in Germany are judged but their popularity does not decrease in any way. 
University of Hannover: The University is actually the biggest institution for higher education in Lower Saxony, educating some 25.000 students. The University offers its students over 60 disciplines to choose from. The subjects range from science to engineering, from arts to humanities and social sciences and from law to economics. It is a big name in Germany's education for its great research and superb condition for studies.
Jacobs University Bremen: The University was earlier known as International University Bremen and offers excellent accredited degree programs in a variety of subjects such as engineering, humanities, the natural sciences and social sciences. These are offered at 3 levels namely bachelor's, master's and doctoral.
Heidelberg University, established in 1386, is a very historic and prestigious institution, which offers education to as many as 4,500 students from some 130 nations throughout the world.
The courses offered by the German Universities are really up to the mark and every University has a big hand hand in the development of education in Germany

Humboldt University of Berlin




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